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Uchtred in the record of Richard Comyn From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
THE LIBERTY OF TYNEDALE by rowellsnorthumberland
1. - Source text:
    The Liberty of Tynedale
    Tynedale was not an ordinary barony. Instead it belonged to a class of
    lordship variously termed regalities, franchises or liberties, where the
    baron was responsible for performing the administrative and judicial
    tasks undertaken elsewhere by the sheriff and other royal officials.
    There were several of these in Northumberland, covering much of the
    county, including the Palatinate of Durham with its northern districts of
    Norhamshire, Islandshire and Bedlingtonshire, the Umfraville liberty of
    Redesdale, and the ecclesiastical liberties of Hexhamshire and
    Tynemouthshire (cf. Lomas 1996, 150-61). See Map, Page 189.
    This viceregal authority did not confer any right to alter or make laws,
    and its continuance was always conditional on the goodwill of the
    Crown, symbolised on the death of each baronial incumbant when the
    liberty automatically reverted to the state until a successor had been
    acknowledged. For the Crown this clearly represented a pragmatic and
    economical means of administering and policing the remote uplands of
    Northumberland. Tynedale was the largest of these liberties, covering
    more than 200,000 acres in total, and was retained by William’s
    successors until the beginning of the Anglo-Scottish wars in 1296.
    (Moore 1915, 21-6; Lomas 1996, 155-8).
    The Border had existed since 1237, the Treaty of York where the
    Tweed and Solway were agreed as marking the Border, when
    Alexander II of Scotland abandoned his claim to the counties of
    Cumberland and Northumberland, and, in return, had been granted by
    Henry II (of England) the honour (sic) of Tynedale (North and South
    Tyne) with lands and forests in Inglewood in Cumberland. (Source:
    “The Knightly Families of Northumberland: A crisis in the early
    Fourteenth Century.” Marie C. Dixon, Durham University. (Alexander II
    had gone to war, in alliance with the “Northeners”, from 1215 to
    prosecute his historic rights to Northumberland.)
    Tynedale adjoined Scotland’s heartlands, and major Royal centres
    such as Berwick, Jedburgh, and Roxburgh. Tynedale Liberty could be
    described , even in official English Records, as “beyond the King of
    England’s power.”
    The Scottish Crown used Tynedale as a store of political patronage.
    Tynedale had the appearance of a colonial projection of the kingdom
    and community of Scotland. The density of cross-border landholding,
    and Scottish allegiances, thus served to emphasise the Liberty’s
    segregation from adjoining English territory, socially, culturally and
    politically.
    The castles controlled by the Comyns at Dalswinton in Nithsdale and,
    more especially, at Bedrule in Teviotdale, brought Tynedale easily within
    their range. The Comyns natural role was that of local leadership within
    a single hierachy of authority and allegiance linking the Liberty to the
    Scottish Crown.
    They, the Comyns’, understood Tynedale Society; after all, they were ….
    men who had been a key part of its fabric since the 1140’s and claimed
    descent from Waltheof of Tynedale, a leader of the old Northumbrian
    nobility.(Source: M.L. Holford & K.J. Stringer: “ Border Liberties and
    Loyalties.”)
    In the eyes of contemporaries, at least, it might appear that the liberty
    was part of Scotland. In the Northumberland Assize Roll of 1279,
    Tynedale is described as ‘outside the kingdom of England in the
    kingdom of Scotland’ (Northumb. Assize R., 365). However, despite
    being held by the King of Scotland, the Tynedale liberty remained
    English territory. The Scottish kings’ powers there, particularly in the
    judicial field, were certainly greater than they possessed in their other
    English fiefs, such as the Honour of Huntingdon, but the royal justices
    dispatched annually from Scotland to hold the eyre at Wark-on-Tyne,
    the capital of the liberty, conducted those proceedings in accordance
    with English not Scottish law (Iter of Wark; cf. Lomas 1996, 155-7; RRS
    ii, 54; Hartshorne 1858, 253-65; Moore 1915, 57-8).
    Moreover the English Crown reserved certain powers to itself, for
    example the right to grant markets and fairs and to establish boroughs,
    and the authority to licence individual feudal tenants to ‘crenelate’ (or
    fortify) their manor houses.
    Territorially, the liberty embraced all of upper North Tynedale, above the
    confluence with the Rede, plus all the land on the west side of the North
    Tyne as far as its confluence with the South Tyne, as well as most of
    South Tynedale. The centre of the lordship was the manorial complex
    of Mote Hills at Wark on Tyne, originally probably a ringwork castle built
    of earth and timber. It was here that the royal justices dispensed law on
    their periodic visits, and those awaiting trial were held in the prison
    presumably situated within its circuit. There was also a bakehouse,
    brewery, and a forge, again perhaps located within the castle, as well
    as both a fulling mill and a corn mill, and a deer park.
    The other manors in the liberty were in turn granted to subordinate
    lords belonging to the nobility of both kingdoms, a process known as
    subinfeudation. Upper North Tynedale seems to have been divided
    between three principal manors, Bellingham – where there was also a
    chapel and later a market – Tarset and Chirdon.
    Chirdon manor seems to have embraced most of the south side of the
    valley above Bellingham and was centred on Dalley Castle beside the
    Chirdon Burn, where the ruins of a small 13th century hall-house can
    still be seen esconced on a natural mound. The manor of Tarset
    comprised the land on north side of the river from the limits of
    Bellingham manor right up to the head of the valley, where it also
    included the tributary valleys on the south side, notably Lewisburn
    (Lusburn). It thus incorporated Falstone, itself.
    The centre (or caput) of the manor was at Tarset Hall or Castle beside
    the confluence of the North Tyne and the Tarset Burn. The manor was
    held by the Comyns, one of the principal Scottish barronial lineages.
    The stalwarts of Tynedale society was its gentry families. They were all
    local, or locally based, and much of the power exercised in the Liberty
    on a day to day basis lay in their hands. An informed observor from
    Scotland in 1280 would have regarded many of the gentry, even
    residents, as members of the wider Scottish community; – like the Rules.
    On such a view, the gentry did not inhabit a separate world from that of
    the greater families.
    Nor could an observor have failed to appreciate the importance to local
    gentry society of the authority and power exercised over it by Scottish
    noble and Royal lordship, or how effectively that lordship might tie
    identities to the liberty itself. For now, even a cursory survey confirms
    that those living directly under Comyn auspices included the Charltons,
    Kirklands ( of Charlton), Rules ( of Stonecroft), Teckets and Walwicks.
    By about 1220 Adam Rule and Adam Tecket were clerks in Comyn
    service. (Source: M.L. Holford & K.J. Stringer: “ Border Liberties and
    Loyalties.”)
    Perhaps, most strikingly, the value men placed on membership of the
    Comyn affinity left such an imprint on local heraldic culture that the
    adoption of the Comyn garbs is better attested for South – West
    Northumberland than it is for Scotland itself. (Source: B.A. McAndrew:
    “Scotland’s Historic Heraldry”.)
    From 1249 the Liberty’s gentry class was less inward looking and more
    firmly enmeshed in a broader Regional society.
    Such ties did not in fact pose a serious threat to Tynedale’s sociopolitical
    coherence and identity. Men’s social orbits on either side of the
    Liberty boundary were not so much competing as complementary links,
    linked by familiar bonds of association and neighbourliness.
    (Stonecroft, near Newbrough, was on the Hexhamshire/Tynedale
    Border.)
    How Thomas Moralee expanded his reach to West Cumberland is a
    story involving John Swinburne and the Tynedale Rules, not to mention
    the Comyns. Moralee was linked to Allerdale by his marriage to a
    daughter of Thomas Ellenborough, who is a witness to deeds
    concerning John Swinburne’s manor of Humshaugh in the mid-1270’s.
    A Charter to Hexham Priory of property in Ellenborough attested by
    Swinburne as Sheriff of Cumberland (1277- 78). Picket How near
    Egremont, which would pass from the Ellenboroughs to Moralee, was
    held of Alan Rule of Dovenby. Evidently a kinsman of the Tynedale
    Rules, he was a tenant of the Comyns at Bedrule (Roxburghshire) and
    appears in their following in the Liberty.
    Another index of the Liberty’s commanding place in the regional politics
    of identity is supplied by the surviving archives of the adjoining Barony
    of Langley.
    Tynedale-Langley links were more tightly packed than those connecting
    the Liberty with other sectors of “County Society”. Certainly a significant
    group of Tynedale landowners rounded off or enlarged their holdings
    by scooping up conveniently located premises within the Langley
    Barony; for example, Adam Rule acquired fourty acres of land in
    Allerwash. (Source: M.L. Holford & K.J. Stringer: “ Border Liberties and
    Loyalties.”)
    Until 1296, Northumberland was a society with strong links across the
    border to Scotland, a border which had very little social significance;
    but with the outbreak of war, these links were destroyed, as many
    cross-border landholders forfeited their lands for supporting John
    Balliol. The resulting vacuum of power was filled largely by the crown,
    and the Scottish wars thus had the effect of bringing the Northumbrian
    gentry into closer contact with royal government.
    Source: “War, politics and landed society in Northumberland, c.1296-
    c.1408.” King, Andy. Durham University.
    In 1296 Tynedale was forfeited to Edward I of England, whose Officers
    also seized all the mesne tenancies of those in Scottish alliance.
    (Source: M.L. Holford & K.J. Stringer: “ Border Liberties and Loyalties.”)
    In October 1295, as relations between England and Scotland were
    rapidly deteriorating, Edward I had issued instructions to all the sheriffs
    of England that the lands and goods of John de Balliol were to be
    confiscated...
Donald III of Scotland From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1. - Source text:
    Donald III (Medieval Gaelic: Domnall mac Donnchada; Modern Gaelic: Dòmhnall mac Dhonnchaidh),[1] and nicknamed "Donald the Fair" or "Donald the White" (Medieval Gaelic:"Domnall Bán", anglicised as Donald Bane/Bain or Donalbane/Donalbain) (c. 1032–1099), was King of Scots from 1093–1094 and 1094–1097.[2]
    Early life
    Donald was born in 1032, during the reign of his great-grandfather King Malcolm II. He was the second known son of the King's grandson, Duncan. Malcolm died when Donald was a baby, at age 80, and Donald's father became king. King Duncan I however, perished in 1040 when Donald was still a boy, killed by Thane Macbeth, yet another grandson of King Malcolm II, who usurped his place as king.
    Following his father's death, Donald went into hiding in Ireland for 17 years, for fear that he would be killed by Macbeth. His elder brother, Malcolm, went to England. It was during this time that Malcolm's grandfather, Crinan of Dunkeld, who was married to Malcolm II's daughter, was killed fighting Macbeth. When Malcolm grew to manhood, he overthrew Macbeth and became the new king. Donald was 25 years old at that time.
    Donald's activities during the reign of his elder brother Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) are not recorded. It appears that he was not his brother's chosen heir, contrary to earlier custom, but that Malcolm had designated Edward, his eldest son by Margaret of Wessex, as the king to come.[3] If this was Malcolm's intent, his death and that of Edward on campaign in Northumbria in November 1093 (see Battle of Alnwick (1093)) confounded his plans. These deaths were followed very soon afterwards by that of Queen Margaret.
    Kingship
    John of Fordun reports that Donald invaded the kingdom after Queen Margaret's death "at the head of a numerous band", and laid siege to Edinburgh with Malcolm's sons by Margaret inside. Fordun has Margaret's brother Edgar Ætheling take his nephews to England to keep them safe.[4] Andrew of Wyntoun's much simpler account has Donald become king and banish his nephews. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records only that Donald was chosen as king and expelled the English from the court.[5]
    In May 1094, Donald's nephew Duncan (Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim), son of Malcolm and his first wife, Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, invaded at the head of an army of Anglo-Normans and Northumbrians, aided by his half-brother Edmund and his father-in-law Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria. This invasion succeeded in placing Duncan on the throne, but an uprising defeated his allies and he was compelled to send away his foreign troops. Duncan was then killed on 12 November 1094 by Máel Petair, Mormaer of Mearns.[6] The Annals of Ulster say that Duncan was killed on the orders of Donald (incorrectly called his brother) and Edmund.[7]
    Donald resumed power, probably with Edmund as his designated heir.[8] Donald was an elderly man by then, at around 62 years old, and without any known sons, so that an heir was clearly required. William of Malmesbury says that Edmund bargained "for half the kingdom", suggesting that Donald granted his nephew an appanage to rule.[9]
    Edgar, eldest surviving son of Malcolm and Margaret, obtained the support of William Rufus, although other matters delayed Edgar's return on the coat-tails of an English army led by his uncle Edgar Ætheling.[10] Donald's fate is not entirely clear. William of Malmesbury tells us that he was "slain by the craftiness of David [the later David I] ... and by the strength of William [Rufus]".[11] The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle says of Donald that he was expelled,[11] while the Annals of Tigernach have him blinded by his brother.[12] John of Fordun, following the king-lists, writes that Donald was "blinded, and doomed to eternal imprisonment" by Edgar. The place of his imprisonment was said to be Rescobie, by Forfar, in Angus.[13] The old ex-king would die at the age of 67 in 1099, in prison. The sources differ as to whether Donald was first buried at Dunfermline Abbey or Dunkeld Cathedral, but agree that his remains were later moved to Iona.
    Descendants
    Donald left one daughter but no sons. His daughter Bethoc married Ucthred (or Hadrian) de Tyndale, Lord of Tyndale.[14] Uchtred and Bethoc had a daughter, Hextilda, married Richard Comyn, Justiciar of Lothian. The claims of John II Comyn, Lord of Badenoch to the crown in the Great Cause came from Donald through Bethóc and Hextilda.[15] Ladhmann son of Domnall, "grandson of the King of Scots" who died in 1116, might have been a son of Donald.[16] He may equally have been a son of Domnall, son of Máel Coluim who died in 1085, who may in turn have been a son of Malcolm III or of Máel Coluim mac Maíl Brigti, Mormaer of Moray.
    Bethoc's second husband was Radulf of Nithsdale.
  - Citation:
    Identifies Ucthred (or Hadrian) de Tyndale, Lord of Tyndale, as the 1st husband of Bethoc, daughter of King Donald III of Scotland (Donald Bane). And the father of their daughter, Hextilda.
Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria, last of the Anglo-Saxon earls
1. - Source text:
    Uchtred of Tynedale married Bethoc; daughter of Donald III, King of Scotland, their daughter, Hextilda, married Richard Comyn, Justiciar of Lothian and became ancestress of the Comyn family. Among Uchtred's sixteenth century descendants were William Tyndale, the first translator of the Bible into modern English.
The Scots Peerage
1. - Page: Sir James Balfour Paul {1904-1914, 2000 rev} with Addenda et Corrigenda {2000}, Page number: I:417, 505
Wikipedia: Tyndall
1. - Source text:
    The first member of the family known by this name was Uchtred, Lord of Tyndale, who married Bethoc Canmore, daughter of Donald III, King of Scots from 1093–1099.[3] His name, the period of his life and his lands and position suggest a kinship with the Anglo Saxon Earls of Northumbria, one of whom was Uchtred the Bold, Earl from 1006 to 1016.
GN4X-TKN FamilySearch.org

de Tyndale, Uchtred 1 2 3a 4a 5a 6a 7a

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Family of de Tyndale, Uchtred and ingen Domnail Bain, Bethoc

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de Tyndale, Uchtred^{1 2 3a 4a 5a 6a 7a}