| Notes |
- Wikipedia: (https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippus_Simonsson)
Philip Simonsson or Filip Simonsson (born about 1185, died in 1217 ) was a Bagler king from 1207 to 1217. He was the son of Simon Kåresson and Margret Arnesdatter. Mother Margret was the daughter of Queen Ingerid Ragnvaldsdatter, who had previously been married to King Harald Gille. With Harald, Ingerid had a son Inge, later King Inge Krokrygg. Philip was thus the nephew of a Norwegian king. He was also the sister's son (nephew) of the Bagler chief Bishop Nikolas Arnesson . The main source of his life is the Bagler sagas .
Philip becomes earl
Philip's Uncle Nikolas Arnesson was one of the founding members of the Bagler Party in 1196. After the first Bagler king Inge Magnusson's death in 1204, Nikolas wanted his nephew to become king, and he got the Danish king Valdemar II to support him. However, the Bagler Army wanted Erling Steinvegg, an alleged son of King Magnus Erlingsson, to be king, and Nikolas had to agree. Philip became earl instead.
Philip becomes king
After Erling Magnusson Steinvegg died in March 1207, Philip became the Bagler king, despite the fact that Erling left behind two sons. The chiefs preferred to have one of the two minor boys as figurehead, but the peasants were clear that they wanted Philip to be king, because he was an experienced army commander. While Philip was king over the Baglers, Inge Bårdsson was king over the Birkebeiners. The main area of the Baglers was Viken (Oslofjord area) and the Oppland (in eastern Norway), while the Birkebeiners had the most support in Trøndelag, although they ruled over almost all of Norway except the eastern part of the country.
Letter from the Bagler King Philip, the oldest preserved royal letter in Norway
The oldest preserved Norwegian-language letter we know of was written by Philip. It is written on parchment and is not dated. The letter is a letter of protection which concerns itself with King Inge (either Inge Magnusson or Inge Haraldsson ) who had given the monks at Hovedøya monastery a part of the Asper farm in Follo. In the letter, Philip warns the people of Mossedal in Østfold against depriving the monks of the farm, and threatens harsh punishment to those who harm the monks.
A settlement between Philip and the king of the Birkebeiners, Inge II Bårdsson was achieved in 1208: The kingdom was divided into two. Philip was to rule the Oppland and Viken, but he could not bear the royal name. Philip was to marry King Sverre Sigurdsson's daughter Kristin. The settlement was concluded at Kvitsøy in Rogaland in the fall of 1208, thus the name "Kvitsøy settlement". The battle between the Baglers and the Birkebeiners, the Civil War, was over with this, although the final settlement did not come until Philip died in 1217. After his death, his successor Håkon IV Håkonsson was hailed as king by both Baglers and Birkenbeiners.
References
^ Sverre's Saga, Chapter 129
^ The saga of Håkons, Guttorms and Inges, chapter 9
^ The story of Håkons, Guttorms and Inges, chapter 26
^ https://www.arkivverket.no/arkivverket/Arkivverket/Riksarkivet/Norges-dokumentarv-Riksarkivet/Kong-Filippus-Simonssons-vernebrev-for-Hovedoeya-kloster-1207-1217
^ The saga of Håkons, Guttorms and Inges, chapter 35
Literature
Håkons, Guttorms and Inges saga . In: Norway's King sagas, 1914 edition, translated by Gustav Storm and Alexander Bugge. IM Stenersen's publisher, Kristiania 1914
Karl Jonsson, Sverre's story . In: Norway's King sagas, 1914 edition, translated by Gustav Storm and Alexander Bugge. IM Stenersen's publisher, Kristiania 1914
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Abt 1182 - 1217 (~ 35 years)
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