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From: rlr@pyuxd.UUCP (Dinsdale Piranha)
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Subject: Re: Samuelson's response to the time capsule (part 5.2)
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Date: Fri, 8-Feb-85 10:40:10 EST
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Posted: Fri Feb  8 10:40:10 1985
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[IN THIS ARTICLE, GARY SAMUELSON HAS RE-ADDRESSED AND REITERATED POINTS
 FROM THE "TIME CAPSULE" ARTICLE ORIGINALLY EXCERPTED FROM.  AND I HAVE
 RESPONDED (I HOPE) BY SPECIFICALLY RE-ASKING MY QUESTIONS FROM THE
 GROUND FLOOR, ATTEMPTING TO ASK QUESTIONS THAT ARE, IF NOT ASSUMPTION-FREE,
 CLEAR IN WHAT THEIR ASSUMPTIONS ARE.  I HOPE THE ANSWERS (AND I DO HOPE THERE
 ARE ANSWERS) WILL BE FASHIONED SIMILARLY.]

>>>Why must there be a god?  [from my original article reproduced in "BLAST"]

> I tried to answer this question as if it were phrased, "Why do
> people believe in God?"  As it stands, the question is unanswerable
> (not that Pesmard asks questions because he wants answers).  [SAMUELSON]

Nice assumption on your part there, Gary.  I'll let you in on the assumption
that I (perhaps erroneously, perhaps not) made in asking the above question.
(Please note, Gary, that even though my question was perhaps phrased badly,
answering a completely different question from the one asked is in general
not considered to be proper argumentative technique.)

Since there is no hard evidence to support the existence of a deity, one
would normally work (in your average non-religious oriented analysis) from the
assumption that the thing for which there is no evidence does not exist.
Without evidence showing proof of a thing's existence, or its observed effect
on the "physical" world, via Occam people would generally assume that it does
not exist until evidence of a viable nature presents itself.  The *possibility*
that it may is left open, if and only if evidence presents itself.  However,
obviously some people do believe in the existence of a deity despite the lack
of realistic evidence.  One can only assume that 1) these people have a
different set of criteria for acceptability of evidence, and/or 2) they have
some vested interest in believing that certain outcome of analysis that they
believe to be true.  Quite possibly both.  I think we have shown endless times
that the nature of the subjective evidence offered in favor of religious belief
is tainted: How come your subjectivity shows a different world view than some-
one else's?  Which one is right?  WHY is his/hers wrong and YOURS right?  If
he/she is being deceived, how can you be sure it is not YOU who has been
deceived?  (Not to mention the way the brain is known to impose patterns onto
events and phenomena and observations that upon closer examination are shown to
be quite wrong---like "recognizing" someone at the airport and realizing that
it wasn't them after all.)

With that in mind, the only other reason that such people might readily accept
the notion of the existence of a god is precisely because they already believe
it to be so:  they hold the existence of god as an assumption, an axiom, and
work ALL analysis of the world from there.  "Why is life full of problems? 
Because god designed the world that way knowing that it would be best for us
not to have a perfect life but rather to struggle and learn."  Contrast this
with the simpler, less presumptive notion that life is full of problems because
all those problems are simply a part of the natural flow of things, based on
what we observe and codify as physical laws.  We experience them as problems
because they conflict with our wishes for a world ordered around our lives,
and because such conflicts are inevitable in a world with trillions of
organisms and objects caught up in the "natural flow".  I contend that all
such analysis of the world by religious believers, and the answers offered in
such analysis, stem directly from an a priori assumption of the existence of
god.  Lewis' works are prime examples.  Thus my question is: why DO you presume
the existence of god as a given (obviously I and many others simply do not),
if not because you have some vested interest in believing that it is so, what
I have endlessly and perhaps monotonously labelled as WISHFUL THINKING?

> I don't know WHY God is; he simply is.

In the words of that great philosopher, Ken Arndt, "See?"  Given the flawed
nature of what you call evidence, given the need to assume god as an axiom to
use as the basis for one's analysis, a reasonable person must ask "Why do
you make such an assumption unless it is because you WANT to do so, because
you wish it to be so?"

>>>1.  Authority.  I believe that God exists because people whose
>>>    judgment I respect have taught me so.  It seems unfashionable
>>>    to believe anything these days because of authority, yet there
>>>    is no escaping authority.  Any claim to evidence rests upon
>>>    an appeal to authority, in that some qualified authority must
>>>    find and interpret the evidence.  The real question is, what
>>>    constitutes a qualified authority?

>>Believing in something simply because an "authority" tells you to?  A few
>>questions to ask:  What qualifies a person as an authority?  (He/she knows
>>a lot about the bible, therefore he/she should know if god exists or not.)
>>What are the potential reasons that someone in a position of authority might
>>want you to believe this?

> Repeating my own question back to me is intended as an answer, I guess.

You guess correctly.  I am asking why you accept the authorities you choose
to accept?  You don't accept non-Christian authorities, but on what basis do
you do choose not to do so.  Did you mean your own question rhetorically, as
if to say it's obvious which authorities are qualified--"the ones I listen to"?
Or do you have a means of determining qualifications on a reasoned basis?
Are you in agreement with Arndt when he simply quotes authorities who have the
"great insight" to hold the same point of view that he does?  There's a good
reason that it's "unfashionable" to believe things simply because an authority
(self-proclaimed?) makes a statement:  believing such statements based on
who makes the statements rather than on what supporting evidence is provided
IS faulty reasoning.  I will repeat your own question back to you once again:
What constitutes a qualified authority?

>>>2.  Testimony.  I believe that God exists because of the effect
>>>    that that belief has had on my life, or on the life of some
>>>    one else.  In other words, some one whose life has desireable
>>>    characteristics attributes those characteristics to the existence
>>>    of and belief in God.

>>It is true that many people with a strong belief in god have led happier and
>>better lives as a result.  It is that *belief*, the feeling that there is
>>something good watching over, that reinforces such positive thinking.

> Proof by vigorous assertion again (note asterisks).  How do you *know* there
> is nothing in it but the strength of belief (which I admit is considerable) ?

More importantly (and more correctly from a standpoint of reasoned discussion),
what evidence do you have that 1) something more exists, and 2) that that
something more is the cause of the effect?  If you cannot supply any, what is
your assertion if not an assumption?  And why do you make it?

>>A belief in one's self can do the job just as well (and on a more
>>mature level) than belief in externals.  The same effect can be found
>>in sun worshippers, (where a belief that the sun is "watching over"
>>you promotes a positive life)...

> I wonder how many sun worshippers Pesmard knows...

>>...but us modern folk KNOW that the sun isn't god, right?

> There's nothing especially intelligent or wise about modern
> folk vis-a-vis ancient folk.  What chronological snobbery.

Thank you, Gary.  That was my point.  Us "modern folk" KNOW that the sun
isn't god, so we (by and large) don't worship it.  But we do (some of us)
continue to worship an (imaginary?) incorporeal entity based on the same
assumptions made by the ancient sun worshippers.  If "there's nothing
especially intelligent or wise about modern folk vis-a-vis ancient folk",
perhaps that's why so many "modern folk" employ a belief system that is just
as much based on assumption as those of the "ancient folk".  Or are you saying
that us modern folk ARE more intelligent/wise because WE (some of us) believe
in the "real" god?  (as perceived by whom?)

>>This effect can also be attained by worshipping
>>teddy bears and the tooth fairy.

> I wonder how many teddy bear worshippers and tooth fairies Pesmard knows...

Quite a few, Gary.  And they have just as much supporting evidence in favor of
their beliefs as you do.  Which is my point, again.

I hope that the questions asked here were phrased in an unambiguous enough way
that reasonable answers can be offered.

The next article, part 5.3, is mostly flames at some of Gary's more abusive
and manipulative argumentative strategies, so if that's not your cup of tea,
feel free to skip it.  
-- 
Anything's possible, but only a few things actually happen.
					Rich Rosen    pyuxd!rlr